Smart Contract Implementation

The Edma platform implements modular, upgradeable smart contracts to manage energy tokenization, compliance, and decentralized finance (DeFi) integration. These contracts define the logic for issuing and managing Energy Tracking Tokens (ETT), Clean Energy Coins (CLE), and NFT-based energy certificates.

Smart Contract Structure

• Modular Design: Smart contracts are structured in separate modules to handle token issuance, compliance, and financial interactions.

• Upgradeable Architecture: Uses proxy contracts (e.g., OpenZeppelin’s upgradeable patterns) to enable seamless protocol updates.

• Role-Based Access Control: Implements AccessControl to restrict administrative functions to authorized entities.

Token Standards & Implementation

contract EnergyToken is ERC20, Ownable {
    constructor(string memory name, string memory symbol, uint256 initialSupply) ERC20(name, symbol) {
        _mint(msg.sender, initialSupply * (10 ** decimals()));
    }

    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) external onlyOwner {
        _mint(to, amount);
    }
}

• ETT & CLE (ERC-20 Standard):

  • ETT represents tokenized energy units (1 ETT = 10 kWh).

  • CLE serves as a utility token for marketplace and governance.

• Energy Certificates (ERC-721 & ERC-1155):

  • Carbon credits, Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), and Certificates of Origin are issued as non-fungible tokens (NFTs).

  • ERC-1155 allows batch minting for efficiency.

On-Chain Logic & Automation

contract EnergyCertificate is ERC721, Ownable {
    uint256 private _tokenIdCounter;
    mapping(uint256 => string) private _tokenMetadata;

    constructor() ERC721("EnergyCertificate", "ENC") {}

    function mintCertificate(address to, string memory metadata) external onlyOwner {
        _tokenIdCounter++;
        _mint(to, _tokenIdCounter);
        _tokenMetadata[_tokenIdCounter] = metadata;
    }

    function getMetadata(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory) {
        return _tokenMetadata[tokenId];
    }
}

• Minting & Token Issuance:

  • Smart contracts mint ETT based on verified energy production data (from IoT devices/oracles).

  • CLE is distributed for marketplace transactions and staking rewards.

• Energy Certificate Generation:

  • ETTs can be converted into NFTs for compliance and trading.

  • Automated validation ensures only verified renewable energy qualifies for certification.

• Staking & Governance:

  • Validators stake CLE to participate in governance decisions.

  • Slashing mechanisms penalize misbehavior in network validation.

Security & Fraud Prevention

contract MultiSigSecurity is AccessControl {
    bytes32 public constant ADMIN_ROLE = keccak256("ADMIN_ROLE");

    constructor() {
        _setupRole(ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender);
    }

    function secureFunction() external onlyRole(ADMIN_ROLE) {
        // Secure function logic
    }
}

• Multi-Signature Authentication: Critical functions require multisig approval.

• External Audits: Smart contracts undergo third-party security audits to prevent vulnerabilities.

• Oracles for Data Verification:

  • Uses Chainlink oracles to fetch real-world energy data.

  • Prevents fraudulent energy reporting by cross-referencing multiple sources.

Interoperability & Layer 2 Scaling

• Polygon zkEVM Integration: Smart contracts operate on Ethereum (Layer 1) for security and Polygon (Layer 2) for efficiency.

• Cross-Chain Compatibility: Supports LayerZero & Wormhole bridges for asset transfers across networks.

• Gas Optimization: Implements ERC-2612 permit functions to reduce transaction costs.

Edma’s smart contract infrastructure ensures scalability, security, and compliance while integrating with DeFi, cross-chain ecosystems, and real-world energy tracking. These contracts automate the issuance, transfer, and verification of tokenized energy assets, making renewable energy markets more transparent and efficient.